The World in Spatial Terms
Geography studies the relationships between people, places, and environments by mapping information about them into a spatial context. The geographically informed person knows and understands:
Places and Regions
The identities and lives of individuals and people are rooted in particular places and in those human constructs called regions. The geographically informed person knows and understands:
Physical Systems
Physical processes shape Earths surface and interact with plant and animal life to create, sustain, and modify ecosystems. The geographically informed person knows and understands:
Human Systems
People are central to geography in that human activities help shape Earths surface, human settlements and structures are part of Earths surface, and humans compete for control of Earths surface. The geographically informed person knows and understands:
Environment and Society
The physical environment is modified by human activities, largely as a consequence of the ways in which human societies value and use Earths natural resources, and human activities are also influenced by Earths physical features and processes. The geographically informed person knows and understands:
The Uses of Geography
Knowledge of geography enables people to develop an understanding of the relationships between people, places, and environments over time that is, of Earth as it was, is, and might be. The geographically informed person knows and understands:
Principles and Standards for School Mathematics
National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM), 2000
http://standards.nctm.org/document/prepost/cover.htm
This set of Standards proposes the mathematics concepts that all students should have the opportunity to learn. Each of these ten Standards applies across all grades, prekindergarten through grade 12. Even though each of these ten Standards applies to all grades, emphases and expectations will vary both within and between the grade bands (K-2, 3-5, 6-8, 9-12). For instance, the emphasis on number is greatest in prekindergarten through grade 2, and by grades 9-12, number receives less instructional attention. Also the total time for mathematical instruction will be divided differently according to particular needs in each grade band - for example, in the middle grades, the majority of instructional time would address algebra and geometry.
STANDARD 1: NUMBER AND OPERATION
Mathematics instructional programs should foster the development of number and operation sense so that all students
STANDARD 2: PATTERNS, FUNCTIONS, AND ALGEBRA
Mathematics instructional programs should include attention to patterns, functions, symbols, and models so that all students
STANDARD 3: GEOMETRY AND SPATIAL SENSE
Mathematics instructional programs should include attention to geometry and spatial sense so that all students
STANDARD 4: MEASUREMENT
Mathematics instructional programs should include attention to measurement so that all students
STANDARD 5: DATA ANALYSIS, STATISTICS, AND PROBABILITY
Mathematics instructional programs should include attention to data analysis, statistics, and probability so that all students
STANDARD 6: PROBLEM SOLVING
Mathematics instructional programs should focus on solving problems as part of understanding mathematics so that all students
STANDARD 7: REASONING AND PROOF
Mathematics instructional programs should focus on learning to reason and construct proofs as part of understanding mathematics so that all students
STANDARD 8: COMMUNICATION
Mathematics instructional programs should use communication to foster understanding of mathematics so that all students
STANDARD 9: CONNECTIONS
Mathematics instructional programs should emphasize connections to foster understanding of mathematics so that all students
STANDARD 10: REPRESENTATION
Mathematics instructional programs should emphasize mathematical representations to foster understanding of mathematics so that all students
Standards for Technological Literacy:
Content for the Study of Technology
International Technology Education Association (ITEA)
http://www.iteawww.org/TAA/Publications/STL/STLMainPage.htm
The Nature of Technology
Technology and Society
Design
Abilities of a Technological World
The Designed World